2014;28:2536. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. gambiae [54]. Citronella is an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) CAS J Parasitol Res. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. They are important tools of public Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Med Vet Entomol. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). limonene. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of 2. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Innocent E, Hassanali A. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. endobj Individuals Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Authors Daniel A H . By studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. J Commun Dis. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Trop Med Int Health. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. Soekarno- Lemongrass is a natural insect repellent and works as a pesticide. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Table 4. Parasitol Res. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. 2011;15:10109. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Ansari et al. %PDF-1.5 and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. It is a plant and has many uses. Article borne diseases. 2008;87:215. Trop Biomed. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. CAS This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers Cite this article. chemical substance was added. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. Am J Biomed Life Sci. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products 2012;44:7989. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). Parasitol Res. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. Malar J. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. 2009;41:28. Remarkable repellency of Ligusticum sinense (Umbelliferae), a herbal alternative against laboratory populations of Anopheles minimus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). depressant, at the same time antibacterial. No mess. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. [47] showed that orange repels An. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. No problem: its an anti-itch cream too. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from Lemongrass is considered to be a medicinal plant as well an ingredient in traditional Indian insect-repellent preparations (Parrotta 2001). Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. As said by Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. 3 0 obj The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. Deet free to protect even the smallest adventurers. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS N by - Prezi Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Arivoli S, Tennyson S, Benelli G. Larvicidal and repellent potential of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell (Zingiberaceae) essential oil: an eco-friendly tool against malaria, dengue, and lymphatic filariasis mosquito vectors? applied to skin. 2005;36:1423. Auysawasdi et al. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. Larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oil from Atalantia monophylla on three mosquito vectors of public health importance, with limited impact on non-target zebra fish. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative Citronella. In the study by Murugan et al. Does Vicks Vapor Rub help with bugs? - coalitionbrewing.com As stated by organicfacts, some health benefits that lemongrass oil Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. repellency. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. The overall outcome of testing the insect repellent was effective in a way A must have for weekend trips, camping, and travel. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. Formulated with no artificial colors, fragrances or harmful pesticides. dirus. 2008;15:1012. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. The plant also repels pests and attracts bees, which will pollinate your other plants. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. dirus, respectively. alcohol (Aegis Pest Services, LTC., 2018). They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. 2011;1:S1138. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. 2003;10:1814. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Drosophila TRPA1 channel is required to avoid the naturally occurring insect repellent citronellal. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent Parasitol Res. everywhere throughout the world have come to depend on the strong insect repellent Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen 2011;16:80210. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. anything upon making the repellent. Parasitol Res. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. 2016;115:99106. GROUP-7.docx - ACADEMIC YEAR 2019 - 2020 THE EFFECTIVENESS Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. Electronic Led Mosquito Killer Lamps Machine for Home Insect Killer Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. This process can be used for purifying liquids with A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. It is also used to treat stomach ailments, diabetes, and other maladies. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass - Advertisement -. In contrast, Seyoum et al. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. It is also registered in Chemical composition, toxicity and mosquito repellency of Ocimum selloi oil. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Plant Health Instructor. Canadian Vet J. These insect repellents help prevent and control the PubMed Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Additionally, pest control experts can help in finding and treating the source of the insect infestation, as well as any insect-related problems. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. [41] used turmeric essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% concentrations against An. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. [6], with complete protection time for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing against An. 2012;111:224151. arabiensis. 2000;71:26771. J Vector Borne Dis. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. 2012;49:86. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a Karunamoorthi K, Girmay A, Hayleeyesus SF. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Article J Vector Borne Dis. Powered by Wondercides proven-to-work spray formula that repels 98% of mosquitoes, this insect repellent spray is a safe, effective control method for repelling bugs. Bioresource Technol. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). 2015;5(suppl 1):S6772. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). While, in another study [45], it repelled An. AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. Figure 2. according to an article of new tech bio. Lemongrass Research - Chapter I Introduction Background of The Study De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the of geranial and neral and small amounts of geranoil and citronellal which are The repellency of lemongrass oil against stable flies, tested using While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. This findings support the study of Dumay and Arcilla Jr. (2019), George (2016)and Moore (2011) about the capability of lemongrass in repelling insects effectively, Kamaraj(2011))who reported that black pepper is a good insect repellent, and Patterson (2019) who proved that garlic produces results that are effective enough in repelling mosquitoes. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Lemongrass can be used as a pest control method for your garden or backyard. Ed.). found that lemon eucalyptus extract is not affective against An. Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. insect repellent. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. J Genetic. 2005;42:95. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. Cosmetics, soaps, perfumes, dye and odorizes Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. The effectiveness of lemon grass as natural insect repellent - SlideShare Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). Province. 2005;19:3039. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. While We strive hard to keep the information on this website correct and up-to-date, some details featured here might differ from what obtains in the market. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. receiving vessel. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Indian Forester. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. bottle. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. J Ethnopharmacol. B. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. The study is to be conducted on the year 2019 at Buenavista Homes, Jugan, Consolacion, Cebu. Google Scholar. The leaves are long and narrow, with pointed tips and serrated edges. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Annu Rev Entomol. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. 2015;437:2826. J Appl Sci. Videos for related products. 1989;34:7796. "LEPPERIC SPRAY" organic repellent made out of Lemongrass, Black Pepper [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. Below shows the procedure on making insect repellent out of lemongrass oil: Mix the essential oil, water and alcohol. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. [6] and Tawatsin et al. PubMed registered in the list of EPA-GRAS.